Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles, benefit many industries. Though the technology is still relatively new, companies have embraced professional drones for tasks like inspection, construction, public safety, and mapping.
While UAVs are a cost-effective and efficient tool that can optimize project timelines, companies must have a routine drone maintenance and repair plan to maximize this tech. This comprehensive guide to drone maintenance includes a beginner's checklist to help you get the ball rolling.
The Benefits of Regular Drone Maintenance
Proactive drone maintenance offers many advantages that improve its overall performance and life span.
Enhanced Performance
Well-maintained components like propellers, motors, and batteries will function efficiently, extending the drone's flight times and maneuverability. Proper maintenance also minimizes the risk of unexpected malfunctions.
Increased Safety
Maintenance checks identify potential wear and tear issues on critical parts such as motors, wiring, and structural components. Proactively addressing these concerns prevents midair failures and potential safety issues.
Extended Life Span
Routine checks, cleaning, and timely replacement of damaged parts prevent further deterioration and lessen the need for significant repairs or component replacements.
Cost Savings
Proactive maintenance saves costs in the long run. Preventive measures and early detection of potential problems reduce the risk of catastrophic failures, saving you costs on repairs and downtime.
Routine Drone Maintenance Checklist
Use this guide to improve your drone's performance and longevity, keeping your UAV soaring reliably and safely.
Preparation
Before you start your drone maintenance routine, have all the necessary tools ready. Here are a few items you might need:
- Microfiber cloth and cleaning supplies, like isopropyl alcohol
- Duster or compressed air for removing debris
- Screwdrivers to tighten screws
- Manufacturer-provided software or applications for firmware updates
- Access to the owner's manual or guidelines for specific maintenance instructions tailored to your drone model
Once you have your tools, follow these two steps:
- Power down: Before the visual inspection, shut off the drone and disconnect its battery packs.
- Clean unit: Over time, your drone will gather layers of dirt. Use an air duster to remove loose debris, then gently wipe the drone's body using a microfiber cloth dampened with water for general cleaning. Stubborn stains may require isopropyl alcohol, applied sparingly on the fabric.
Visual Inspection
The maintenance routine always starts with a visual check of each physical drone part. It is the first line of defense against potential issues or damage that could compromise flight safety. Early detection of cracks, loose components, or damaged parts helps prevent midair failures.
Here are the steps to take in the visual inspection.
- Inspect chassis for cracks: Carefully examine the drone's structure under good lighting conditions. Inspect its arms, body, and joints. Look for hairline cracks or structural weaknesses that might compromise its integrity.
- Check for loose screws: Ensure your drone's components are tight in place. Look for any parts that require replacement. Check all visible screws and fastenings on the drone. Be cautious not to overtighten, which can damage the threading or components. Check the product manual for the torque specifications for user-serviceable components
- Check propellers for damage: Your drone's propellers are delicate and require careful inspection. Thoroughly examine each propeller blade, looking for signs of cracks, chips, or surface irregularities. Replace broken propellers immediately. Propellers are subject to extreme forces during flight and even minor damage can compromise flight stability.
- Check propellers are free-spinning: Manually rotate each propeller to ensure they move freely without any resistance or noise. Any obstruction or difficulty in spinning might indicate internal issues.
- Check motors for obstructions: First, make sure each propeller is marked to indicate where it is installed on the drone. Remove the propellers to access the motor chambers and check for any debris obstructing the motor chamber and its armature. Use an air duster to blow away any accumulated debris. Re-install the propellers in their original location and secure them in place according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Check wiring: If your drone has exposed wiring, check it first, as it has a higher risk of damage. Next, inspect all wires for fraying, wear, or damage. Send the drone in for service at an authorized repair shop if any wires appear damaged. Do not fly until repaired.
- Inspect camera: Use a lens cleaning cloth to gently wipe the camera lens and gimbal. Remove dirt, smudges, or debris affecting the camera's view or movement.
- Check landing gear condition: Inspect the legs and shock absorbers for cracks, bends, or wear. Also, check that all rubber shock absorbers are intact. Ensure they are stable and capable of supporting the drone during takeoff and landing.
- Inspect antennas: The drone's antennas maintain its wireless signal. If they become damaged, you may experience connectivity issues. Verify that all antennas are secure and in good shape. Any damage or loose connections can interfere with signal reception and compromise control.
- Check control station: The drone's control station is a complex system — maintaining it is equally crucial as maintaining your drone. Inspect the remote controller, receivers, transmitters, and associated devices like smartphones or laptops. Check that there are no signs of physical damage, loose connections, or malfunctioning components.