Types of Common Dinosaur
Theropods
Theropods were bipedal - they moved on two legs, so their back legs evolved to become large and powerful to provide support and speed as they ran, while their front legs were very short, with mobile hands perfect for grabbing and clawing at prey.
Theropods were very diverse, especially in size: they ranged from the crow-sized Microraptor to the huge Tyrannosaurus rex, which weighed six tons or more. Modern-day birds are now believed to have evolved from small theropods that began to climb into trees to pursue prey.
Sauropods
Sauropods shared a body plan consisting of: a small head on an extremely long neck; a long, massive body housing an enormous gut; thick pillar-like legs to support the torso; and a very long, tapering, often whip-like tail. A massive hip girdle was fused to the backbone to help support this enormous tail. The animals’ long necks enabled them to take foliage from even the tallest trees in somewhat the same manner as do modern giraffes. Their teeth tended to be spoon-shaped or pencil-shaped, and they apparently depended on swallowed stones or bacteria in the gut to help break down the plant matter they ate.
Thyreophora
Thyreophora is a category that contains the armoured dinosaurs, and it's divided up into two main subgroups. Both of these groups were herbivorous.
Stegosaurs
Stegosaurs were four-legged herbivores that reached a maximum length of about 9 metres (30 feet). The skull and brain were very small, so they probably weren't terribly bright. The forelimbs were much shorter than the hind limbs, the back was arched, and the feet were short and broad. Stegosaurs had double rows of large, triangular, bony plates along their backs and tail that may have been a temperature-regulating system. Pairs of long, pointed, bony spikes on the end of the tail were probably defensive weapons.
Ankylosauria
Like the stegosaurs, they were heavily armoured, but in a very different way. Ankylosaurs had an extensive mosaic of small and large interlocking bony plates that completely encased the back and flanks. Most ankylosaurs were relatively low and broad in body form and walked close to the ground on four short, stocky legs. Unlike Stegosaurs, their legs were relatively even in length, so they probably had a slow, slightly waddling walking gait.
Ceratopsians
The Ceratopsians were a group of plant-eating dinosaurs that were characterised by a bony frill on the back of the skull and a unique upper beak bone, called a rostral. All of the Ceratopsians had these features, but there were several different types of ceratopsians that evolved over time. The earliest Ceratopsians were small, bipedal animals, but later members of the family were huge quadrupeds with elaborate facial horns and frills extending over the neck.
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