15th century miners in Germany found a brown-red ore which they believed to contain copper. They called it Kupfernickel or Devils' Copper because they couldn't recover copper from it.
Coins in the USA first used nickel alloyed with copper in 1857. The “nickel” was not made from pure nickel but in 1881, pure nickel was used for coins in Switzerland.
Stainless steels were discovered early in the 20th century and nickel was found to have a very beneficial role in many of the common grades, which continues to this day. Alloys based on nickel were found to have excellent corrosion resistance and could withstand high temperatures, which made them suitable for chemical plants and also allowed the practical realisation of the jet engine. As a result of these developments, nickel has enjoyed a very strong growth of demand over the past century. This continues today because of the essential role nickel plays in many technologies.
Boatswain whistleMFA# 17.1830
Description
Bugle in E-flatMFA# 1992.96
A silvery white alloy composed of Copper (52-80%), Zinc (10-35%), and Nickel (5-35%). Originally produced in China, nickel silver was first manufactured in Germany in 1770; the process was later perfected in 1823. It was used as an inexpensive, non-tarnishing substitute for Silver. Nickel silver can take a high polish and became popular during the 19th century for tableware and plated articles. As an example, the process chart for the Reed & Barton Factory in 1880, shows that nickel silver was one of three alloys used for casting (Gibb 1943, p. 268). Because it provides a harder, stronger, and more durable base than copper, nickel silver is still used as a base for many silver-plated items (marked EPNS-electroplated nickel silver). It was also favored for use in ferrules of expensive artist brushes. Other favorable characteristics are that nickel silver is ductile and nonmagnetic. It can be wrought, cast, rolled, stamped, extruded, and machined. The addition of small amount of lead allows nickel silver to be soldered and welded. Beginning in the 1920s nickel-silver became popular for interior and exterior architectural motifs such as decorative panels, stair railings, elevator doors, plumbing fixtures, hardware, and decorative strips in terrazzo floor designs. By the 1950s, it was rarely used as an architectural element.
Synonyms and Related Terms
German silver; Neusilber (Deut.); Argentan (Deut.); maillechort (Fr.); albata; Paktong; Pakfong; Alpacca [Berndorf AG]; neusilver; white copper; Liberty silver; Nevada silver; Queen's metal; white metal; Wolfram brass; Argentine; Packtong; Silveroid; electrum; Best best; Virginia silver; Potosi silver
Physical and Chemical Properties
Resources and Citations